So I figured out that the problem must lie with the link I open. If I open the Link to another site of my dash app in a new tab then the changes are not used there. But if I navigate around in the tab I clicked on the link then the changes are seeable and stored.
This means, that I can open links from my table but if I open links to other sites of my app then the callback is not executed in the site that opens
EDIT: I found some code from Eduardo which looks like it achieves my desired result. Will try it and thank you for your time.
Here is the link (Example 1):
Best Regards