The easiest way to achieve your wishes is to change the theme rather than setting individual background colors.
fig.update_layout(
title = 'Microsoft Share Price 1st Jan 2023 - 1st Jan 2024',
xaxis_title = 'Date',
yaxis_title = 'Stock Price - USD ($)',
#plot_bgcolor="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)",
template='plotly_white'
)