General: how to run Python scripts in parallel of a Flask app? (Multiple uses of a single VPS)

The key is to use rq-scheduler. The queue is just the way you access the worker - unless you have many tasks that will stack up, it functions like an independent process.

For tasks that run every 2 seconds, the concept still works, as long as the tasks are very short. Just schedule them every 2 seconds. Otherwise, have a dcc.Interval trigger your process within the app.