Thank you so much for your input!
So the data vectors should be saved on the server-side (not the client-side) and later transferred to the client-side, where they will be plotted with a client-side callback. How can I do this? dcc.store is only meant to store the data in the browser and is therefore not suited. Should I implement the ideas from your thread about server-side caching? (Show and Tell - Server Side Caching)